Eczema is the term used to refer to a group of inflammatory skin conditions that collectively effect more than 31 million people in the United States. The symptoms of eczema vary from person to person but typically include:
- Dry, sensitive skin
- Red, inflamed skin
- Rough or bumpy patches
- A mild to severe itching sensation
Eczema has no cure, but can be managed well with prescribed topical treatments and over-the-counter medications to sooth affected areas. Sufferers can also reduce the frequency and severity of eczema flare-ups by managing exposure to environmental triggers. Below, we discuss seven common eczema triggers.
Temperature
Any sudden change in temperature can aggravate eczema symptoms. Winter can be an especially problematic time for eczema sufferers, as moving between cold outdoor environments and artificially heated indoor environments can worsen skin irritation. Low humidity can also cause flare-ups by making it harder for skin to maintain healthy moisture levels. Some eczema patients find air humidifiers helpful in reducing symptoms, though there is little scientific evidence to support their use.
Chemicals and Detergents
Many laundry detergents, household cleaning products and personal care products contain chemicals which can worsen eczema symptoms. Where possible, sufferers should choose fragrance-free personal care products designed for people with sensitive skin. In addition, switching to a sensitive or non-biological laundry detergent can reduce irritation caused by chemicals on clothes and bedding.
Fabrics
Eczema patients should choose natural, breathable clothing fabrics such as cotton and silk, to keep skin temperature consistent. Wool and certain synthetic materials such as nylon and polyester should be avoided, as these fabrics can lead to heat build-up and increased itching.
Airborne Allergies
Eczema is an atopic condition which often occurs alongside allergies and asthma. For this reason, airborne allergens are a common cause of eczema flare-ups. For instance, tree and grass pollen, dust mites and pet hair can all lead to worsened symptoms. Maintaining an allergen-free environment and treating allergies with over-the-counter medication can help to keep eczema symptoms under control.
Certain Foods
The food we eat has a direct, measurable impact on the body’s inflammatory response. Not all eczema sufferers experience the same dietary triggers, though wheat, nuts and dairy are all common offenders. In some patients, citrus fruits, eggs, soy, and tomatoes can also cause flare-ups.
Conversely, there is some evidence to suggest that foods high in omega-3 fatty acids, such as fish, can improve eczema symptoms. If you suspect something in your diet could be aggravating your eczema, try eliminating one possible culprit at a time for a period of two weeks, to see if your symptoms improve.
Stress and Anxiety
Emotional stress and anxiety are known eczema triggers. This could be the result of the increased, systemic inflammatory response that often accompanies periods of prolonged stress. Many eczema sufferers find that implementing stress-management tactics in their day-to-day lives can minimize eczema outbreaks.
Exercise
Regular exercise can be beneficial for eczema sufferers in that it can down-regulate inflammation and lessen the severity of outbreaks. However, the sweating that occurs during exercise can temporarily aggravate eczema symptoms. This is largely the result of fluid loss and the sodium in sweat causing skin to dry out. Eczema sufferers can lessen the severity of this effect by keeping themselves properly hydrated before and during intense exercise.
Seeking Treatment
Speak to your doctor if you are concerned that you or your child may be suffering with eczema. They should be able to advise you on treatments and lifestyle changes to keep your symptoms under control, helping you stay as comfortable as possible.